As the name implies, Chemfab combines fabric and chemicals – mostly polytetrafluoroethylene (PFTE), which is closely related to PFOA – to create nonstick and fire-resistant products. At its height, the Bennington plant employed hundreds and turned out thousands of these products. But with every PFTE-coated belt and shirt, large amounts of this dangerous chemical leaked out of the plant and into the local water supply.
Faced with mounting evidence about the adverse consequences of chemical exposure, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Chemfab and other companies began either greatly reducing or eliminating their PFOA emissions. But by that time, the local water supply in many parts of Vermont was already contaminated.
PFTE, PFOA, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS, one of the main ingredients in Scotchgard), are used in so many applications because these chemicals are very stable, making them easy to work with and very long lasting. But the chemical companies did not seem to notice or care that these substances had the same effect on people. Once they work their way into the body through the water, these chemicals remain there for a very, very long time.